According to research a person has to meet five or more of
the following symptoms in order to be diagnosed with narcissistic personality
disorder –
- A grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements);
- Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love;
- Believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special and unique people;
- Rarely acknowledges mistakes, imperfections/shortcomings;
- Requires excessive admiration and respect;
- Has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations;
- Is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends;
- Lacks empathy - unwilling or unable to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others;
- Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of them;
- Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitude.
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